Mapping Soil Organic Carbon and Organic Matter Fractions by Geographically Weighted Regression.

The soil organic matter (SOM) content and dynamic are related to vegetation cover, climate, relief, and geology; these factors have strong variation in space in the southeastern of Brazil. The objective of the study was to compare and evaluate performance of classical multiple linear regressions (MLR) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models to predict soil organic carbon (SOC) and chemical fractions of organic matter in the Brazilian southeastern mountainous region. The regression models were fitted based on SOC and chemical fractions of SOM. The points ( = 89) were selected by pedologist's experience along transects and toposequences. The covariates were also selected using the empirical knowledge of pedologists when choosing variables that drive soil carbon content and its dynamics. Geology map, legacy soils map, terrain attributes derived from digital elevation model, and remote sensing indices derived from RapidEye sensor bands were used as covariates. In all MLR models (except for fulvic acid fraction [FAF]), the legacy soil map was selected as a covariate by the stepwise approach. The geology map was not selected as important covariate to predict FAF and humin (HUM). At least one variable derived from remote sensing was selected by the adjusted models. For the prediction of the SOC, HUM, and FAF, the GWR models had the highest performance. The MLR models extrapolated the results, especially for SOC. The relationships among SOC, SOM fractions, and environmental covariates were affected by local landscape variability, and the GWR model was better at modeling.

Frações granulométricas e oxidáveis de matéria orgânica sob diferentes sistemas de uso do solo, no Paraná, Brasil / Granulometric and oxidizable fractions of organic matter under different land use systems in the state of Paraná, Brazil

Neste estudo objetivou-se quantificar o carbono orgânico total (COT), o carbono das frações granulométricas e oxidáveis da matéria orgânica do solo (MOS) em áreas sob diferentes sistemas de uso do solo, em Marmeleiro-PR. Foram coletadas amostras de terra nas camadas de 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 e 20-40 cm, sendo nestas quantificados os teores de COT, carbono orgânico particulado (COp), carbono orgânico associado aos minerais (COam) e o carbono das frações oxidáveis (F1, F2, F3, F4 e F1/F4). O sistema de semeadura direta (SSD) apresentou maiores valores de COT (0-5 cm) e o sistema de plantio convencional (SPC), os menores (0-5 e 5-10 cm). O SSD e a área de pastagem apresentaram maiores teores de COp (0-5 cm). No SPC verificaram-se os menores teores de COp em superfície e maiores em profundidade. Os menores teores de carbono das frações oxidáveis foram encontrados no SPC (0-10 cm). O SSD aumenta os teores de COT, COp e carbono oxidável (F1 e F4) na camada superficial quando comparado com o SPC. Este acarreta em teores de COT iguais aos da área de SSD em profundidade e ocasiona a diminuição dos teores de COam e do carbono oxidável da fração F4 em todas as profundidades avaliadas. Por meio da relação F1/F4 pode-se inferir que o SPC desfavorece o equilíbrio das frações F1 e F4, enquanto o SSD acarreta em valores similares aos das áreas sem interferência antrópica. As frações granulométricas e oxidáveis da MOS são eficientes para identificar mudanças ocasionadas no solo pelo manejo.

This study aimed to quantify the total organic carbon (TOC), granulometric and oxidizable carbon fractions of soil organic carbon (SOM) in areas under different land use in Marmeleiro, Paraná State, Brazil. We collected soil samples in the 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-40 cm, and being these quantified to TOC, particulate organic carbon (POC), organic carbon associated minerals (OCam) and carbon fractions oxidizable (F1, F2, F3, F4 and F1/F4). The notillage system (NTS) had higher TOC values (0-5 cm) and the conventional tillage system (CTS), the lowest (0-5 and 5-10 cm). The NTS and the grazing area had higher concentrations of POC (0-5 cm). In the CTS there were the lowest levels of POC in surface and greater depth. The lower carbon content of oxidizable fractions were found in the CTS (0-10 cm). The NTS increase the TOC, and POC oxidisable carbon (F1, F4) in the surface layer when compared to the CTS. This leads to TOC area equal to the NTS in depth and leads to decreased amounts of carbon and OCam oxidizable fraction F4 in all experiments. Through the F1/F4 ratio can be inferred that the CTS disfavors the balance of fractions F1 and F4, while the NTS leads to values similar to those in areas without human interference. The granulometric and oxidizable fractions of SOM are efficient to identify changes in soil caused by management.